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- <text id=89TT0431>
- <title>
- Feb. 13, 1989: Paraguay:The Extinction Of A Dinosaur
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 13, 1989 James Baker:The Velvet Hammer
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 48
- PARAGUAY
- The Extinction of a Dinosaur
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A surprise coup topples Stroessner after a 34-year rule
- </p>
- <p> Residents of sleepy Asuncion were startled when the crack of
- gunfire shattered a muggy summer night. Two dozen armored tanks
- rumbled down a residential street from the First Army Corps
- headquarters. For eight hours, the sounds of battle transformed
- several normally tranquil neighborhoods into war zones. As
- mutinous soldiers traded rounds with loyal government troops,
- bullets ricocheted wildly, felling more than 100 soldiers,
- pockmarking buildings and flattening tires of parked cars.
- </p>
- <p> Shortly before dawn, the rebellion achieved its goal: the
- ouster of General Alfredo Stroessner, 76. As Stroessner was held
- unharmed under house arrest at an army residence, his longtime
- second-in-command and chief of the First Corps, General Andres
- Rodriguez, made a radio address. "I communicate to you that
- General Stroessner has surrendered and finds himself in perfect
- health, deprived of liberty." Rodriguez soon took the oath as
- provisional President.
- </p>
- <p> The revolt abruptly ended the 34-year rule of Stroessner, an
- autocrat who had shown every promise of realizing the dream of
- all dictators: to die in bed, holding power to the end. There
- had been only the slightest intimations that Stroessner's days
- were numbered. Despite close personal ties between the two
- generals (Rodriguez's daughter is married to Stroessner's son),
- Rodriguez had quietly sided with a faction within the ruling
- Colorado Party that favors limited democratic reforms. As a
- result, Stroessner reportedly was on the verge of moving
- Rodriguez to a purely ceremonial position. Rodriguez, who has
- headed the largest of Paraguay's three army corps since 1961,
- did not give him the opportunity. Stroessner's health and a
- brewing struggle over his successor may also have triggered the
- coup: the seemingly indestructible dictator underwent prostate
- surgery five months ago and has since shown signs of
- deterioration.
- </p>
- <p> Washington officials responded to the news of Stroessner's
- political demise with little optimism. Despite some appealing
- rhetoric, few believe Rodriguez will institute democratic
- reform. "Most likely, it's going to be more of the same," said a
- senior military analyst. The anti-Communist Stroessner has long
- been one of Washington's staunchest backers. But his dismal
- record on human rights compelled successive U.S.
- Administrations to denounce Stroessner as a dictator.
- </p>
- <p> A dinosaur among despots, Stroessner ruled with absolute
- authority longer than any other leader in the Western hemisphere
- and was second only to North Korea's Kim Il Sung as the world's
- most durable dictator. After sweeping to power in a military
- coup in 1954, Stroessner nominated himself President, then
- engineered his pro forma re-election seven times. Despite
- sporadic challenges to his rule, the patriarch faced no serious
- opposition. Unlike many countries in the Americas, landlocked
- Paraguay has no tradition of democracy.
- </p>
- <p> Over the past decade, as military dictatorships toppled
- throughout Latin America, Stroessner kept the army's loyalty by
- cutting it in on contraband, kickbacks and theft. A state of
- siege, regularly renewed and lifted only two years ago,
- empowered police to arrest thousands of opponents. Early in
- Stroessner's regime, critics were routinely branded as
- Communist subversives, often tortured and killed; in later
- years, foes were jailed or exiled.
- </p>
- <p> Still, most Paraguayans did not clamor for Stroessner's
- fall. In the 50 years preceding his ascent to power, the
- country endured civil wars, coups and more than 30 shaky
- presidencies. If curtailment of fundamental freedoms was the
- price for political and economic stability, most citizens were
- willing to buy into the Faustian bargain. During most of
- Stroessner's rule, Paraguay maintained a rate of economic growth
- unusual for Latin America.
- </p>
- <p> Paraguay's future course is far from certain. In the hours
- after the coup, citizens ventured into the streets, scarcely
- able to believe Stroessner's demise and encouraged by
- Rodriguez's rhetoric pledging "the initiation of
- democratization." But while Rodriguez is popular with his
- troops, his lengthy association with Stroessner casts doubt on
- his claims. His style of high living is attributed to heavy
- involvement in Paraguay's large-scale smuggling and drug trade.
- As a U.S. intelligence analyst put it, "He's been a 30-year
- intimate of the old man. He's not going to reinvent the wheel."
- </p>
- <p> Stroessner, who provided asylum for some of the most reviled
- figures in modern times, such as Nazi death-camp doctor Josef
- Mengele and Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle, is
- expected to live out his exile, possibly in Chile. There he
- would be the guest of Augusto Pinochet, now the very last of
- Latin America's old-style dictators, who himself faces political
- extinction following presidential elections scheduled for
- December.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-